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HMS ''Cyclops'' was the lead ship of the breastwork monitors built for the Royal Navy during the 1870s. The ships were ordered to satisfy demands for local defence during the war scare of 1870, but the pace of construction slowed down tremendously as the perceived threat of war declined. The ship spent most of her career in reserve; her only sustained period in commission was four months in Portland Harbour, during the Russo-Turkish War in 1878 when the British were trying to force the Russians to end the war without allowing them to seize Constantinople. ''Cyclops'' was sold for scrap in 1903. ==Design and description== The ''Cyclops''-class ships were modified versions of the ''Cerberus'' class.〔Parkes, p. 212〕 The ships had a length between perpendiculars of , a beam of , and a draught of at deep load. They displaced . Their crew consisted of 156 officers and men.〔Parkes, p. 213〕 The ships had two 4-cylinder inverted compound steam engines, each driving a single propeller shaft. The engines produced a total of on 30 December 1871 during the ship's sea trials which gave her a maximum speed of . ''Cyclops'' carried of coal,〔Ballard, pp. 246–49〕 enough to steam at .〔Silverstone, p. 169〕 The ships mounted four 10-inch rifled muzzle-loading guns in twin-gun turrets fore and aft of the superstructure. The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells.〔Gardiner, p. 6〕 They were mounted on carriages that used hydraulic jacks to elevate and depress the guns.〔Parkes, p. 212〕 The ''Cyclops'' class had a complete waterline belt of wrought iron that was thick amidships and thinned to at the ends. The superstructure and conning tower was fully armoured, the reason it was called a breastwork, with of wrought iron. The gun turrets had 10 inches on their faces and 9 inches on the sides and rear. All of the vertical armour was backed by of teak. The decks were thick.〔Parkes, pp. 213–14〕 ==Construction== HMS ''Cyclops'' was laid down on 10 September 1870 by the Thames Ironworks in London. She was launched on 18 July 1871 and commissioned in January 1872. The ship was towed to Devenport that same month for what proved to be a very lengthy fitting out period that was not completed until 4 May 1877.〔Parkes, p. 215〕 ''Cyclops'' cost £156,782 to build.〔〔Adjusted for inflation, the ship cost £ in current pounds.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Cyclops (1871)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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